Characteristics Of Isolates - 1056 Words

In contrast, enterocin TA0033 was unstable at 100 ºC and autoclaving temperatures and lost its activity after exposure to the indicated temperatures. Partial loss in activity was seen with enterocin TA0033 at 60 and 80 ºC after 60min of exposure with 75% reduction in activity within 90 min. In contrast, no loss of activity of enterocin TA102 was seen at these temperatures during the tested time intervals and no significant difference (p0.05) in activity between treated and untreated supernatant were observed. Enterocin TA0033 displayed bactericidal mode of action at 6,400 AU/ml, whereas bacteriostatic activity was detected at lower concentrations (200 AU/ml). Enterocin TA102 demonstrated bacteriostatic mode of action as seen by absence of†¦show more content†¦Discussion Human milk is a potential source of probiotic bacteria, including lactobacilli, streptococci, bifidobacteria and enterococci to the infant gut, affecting the overall composition of the neonate gut microbiota. Although enterococci are widely recognized as probiotic bacteria but opposed to other LAB genus they have yet not been assigned the GRAS (generally recognized as safe) status. E.faecium is considered a suitable probiotic candidate for modulation of immune responses against pathogens (24). In this study, we observed the probiotic properties of the two Enterococcus species including their resistance in stress conditions like acidic environment, high bile salt concentrations, and simulated gastric and intestinal conditions. Another important characteristic of the isolates in study, was their wide antibacterial spectrum against a number of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. In agreement with our findings, Ghrairi and colleagues (25), reported E. faecium MMT21 bacteriocin ab ility to inhibit not only closely related LAB, but also L. monocytogenes and S. aureus. Different spectrum of inhibitory action may be based on the bacteriocin producing strain, the indicator strain, and also the method used for bacteriocin detection. During physico-chemical characterizations of the antagonistic agent produced by the two Enterococcus species in study, it was observed that the antibacterial actions exertedShow MoreRelatedWhat Are Bacteria And Other Organisms?1458 Words   |  6 Pagestreatment and strategy can be developed to remedy the problem (Intrieri, 2014). In order to identify bacteria and other organisms, scientists have developed many different tests to differentiate microorganisms from each other their physical characteristics. There are many different physiological tests one can used to identify bacteria. For this project, one can use a spore stain to see if a bacteria can produce spores in response to nutrient depletion.(Intrieri, 2014) There is also the catalaseRead MoreMango Essay806 Words   |  4 Pagesanalysis. In the present study, morphological characteristics of the isolates agreed with the description of C. gloeosporioides, but cultural characteristics, which may be diverse due to cultural conditions, and conidial morphology cannot distinguish between species in the C. gloeosporioides complex (Weir et al. 2012). Based on morphological identification, single genes sequence analysis and the five-gene-combined phylogenetic analysis, the isolates obtained from mango in Guangxi included in thisRead MoreBiological Substances And Its Effects On Bacterial Infections1557 Words   |  7 Pagessynthesis as well as contribute to the development of thousands of clinical and medicinal applications. In this experiment, microbial isolates were extracted from various soil samples, purified, and screened through a variety of antibiotic and genomic processes to determine antibiotic attributes. These attributes would be associated with classifying and identifying the isolates down the genus level to be used for further studies and investigations. Materials and Methods: Soil Sample Collection Two soilRead MoreFollowership: Leadership and Followers1218 Words   |  5 PagesThere have been many observations regarding the characteristics of a leader, but followership has received less attention. Treister and Schultz (1997) â€Å"suggests that a follower is someone who accepts guidance and, on receiving it, takes the appropriate action. Treister et al (1997) also state followership is â€Å"considered a passive or submissive role of lesser importance than leadership. However, the effectiveness of leaders to a large measure depends on the qualities of their followers.† TreisterRead MoreStreak Plate Essay654 Words   |  3 PagesWhen an agar plate is inoculated, why is the loop sterilized after the initial inoculation in put on? Ans: We use agar plate to inoculate microbes by zipping the loop on the agar several times. We streak on the agar plate four time, propose is to isolate the unknown bacteria. Therefore, the first time to streak on the plate, there are million of bacteria on the loop. For that reason, we need to sterilize the loop before next streaking. Then we can get small group of colonies out from the large groupRead MoreStreptococcus Pneumoniae ( S. Pneumoniae Essay938 Words   |  4 PagesA definitive diagnosis of IPD is provided by the isolation of S. pneumoniae from normally sterile body sites such as blood, cerebrospinal and pleural fluids. However, this is only achievable for a few cases of IPD. This is because the ability to isolate S. pneumoniae from clinical specimens is significantly reduced by prior antibiotic therapy [7]. In the case of pneumococcal pneumonia, the most common clinical manifestation of pneumococcal infections, there are also the added problems of obtainingRead MoreIsol ation And Identification Of Seed Borne Fungi1234 Words   |  5 PagesPrajapati4 1 4 Asst. Professor, College of Agriculture, NAU, Waghai 2. Director of Research Dean PG Studies, NAU, Navsari 3 Asst. Research Scientist, NARP, NAU, Navsari Email:amol_deshmukhnau@yahoo.co.in Abstract An experiment was undertaken to isolate and identify the seed borne fungi of Green gram. Seed samples of three Green gram varieties were collected from Pulse research station, NAU, Navsari. PDA plating method was employed for the isolation of the fungi and cultural, microscopic study wasRead MoreThe Causal Fungus Of Guava Scabby In El Beheira Governorate1099 Words   |  5 Pagessp the Causal Fungus of Guava Scabby Canker in EL-Beheira Governorate, Egypt. ABSTRACT During 2013-2014 growing seasons, forty three isolates of Pestalotiopsis spp were recovered from guava leaves and fruits showed scab symptoms from different regions in EL-Beheira governorate. Five Pestalotiopsis species were recognized according to the morphological characteristics of fungal colony (Colony color, Size and number of acervulii) and conidia (Length, Width, and Color of median cells, Length and theRead MoreCross Sectional Study1531 Words   |  7 Pagescross-sectional study conducted between March 2016 and September 2016, among non-duplicate S. aureus isolates, obtained from clinical isolates and nasal swabs of hospitalized patients and HCWs, in four teaching hospitals (Alzahra, Shariati, Imam Kazem and ShahidChamran) in Isfahan, Iran. Samples collected from different wards, including surgery, intensive care units (ICUs), and internal medicine. Clinical isolates were obtained from the wound, blood, urine culture, sputum, peritoneum and synovial samplesRead MoreEssay Iso lation in Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis867 Words   |  4 Pagesthe families’ separation from society. In The Metamorphosis, Kafka emphasizes Gregor’s seclusion from his family. However, Gregor’s separation is involuntary unlike the family who isolates themselves by the choices they make. Each family member has characteristics separating them from society. These characteristics become more unraveling than Gregor, displaying the true isolation contained in The Metamorphosis. Grete’s isolation from society stems from her passion and interest for her

Brand History Ysl Free Essays

Brand History Founded by: Yves Saint Laurent and his partner Pierre Berge Chief Designer: 1. Yves Saint Laurent 1962-2002 The Day of Birth: August 1, 1936 The Day of death: June 1, 2008 Reputation: He is considered by many of the world’s best- dressed people to be the inventor of modern fashion. Besides that, he is seen as the last of a generation of clothes designers that made the Rive Gauche (French for â€Å"Left Bank† of the Seine River in Paris) home to the most talented fashion designers in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Brand History Ysl or any similar topic only for you Order Now These designers include Christian Dior, Coco Chanel, and Hubert de Givenchy — all people who helped make Paris the international capital of fashion. CAREER: 1. Saint Laurent got his big break when he was only 17 years old. The shy young designer began to work for fashion legend, Christian Dior. 2. By the time he was 21 years old, Saint Laurent was in charge of Dior’s empire. He immediately started to develop a unique style that combined Dior’s elegance and tradition with a more wearable, realistic style. . Saint Laurent struck out on his own in 1961, opening his own fashion house where he created haute couture for socialites and celebrities. MAIN ACHIEVEMENTS: 1. Saint Laurent’s trendsetting clothes not only changed the look of high fashion but also the life of the average woman. 2. Aside from his haute couture clothing, he offered another clothing line for women available in department stores. The designs from this line often turned heads and changed the lives of the women who wore them. 3. In the 1960s and 1970s, when women were joining the workforce in millions for the first time, Saint Laurent designed more gender-neutral looks based on pants and jackets. No longer did women feel like they needed to wear only skirts and blouses. The change met with resistance, but women those who wearing Yves Saint Laurent’s pantsuits would simply take off their pants to dictate what they were allowed to wear on more than one occasion. 4. Another clothing item of his that became popular was a jacket called â€Å"le smoking,† which is a square-shouldered tuxedo for women. When the jacket first appeared in his 1966 fall-winter collection, it immediately became a groundbreaking landmark in fashion history because it blurred the lines between traditional male and female style. 5. Saint Laurent also changed fashion by using other types of pop culture in his clothes. For example, he created the Mondrian dress in 1965. These colorful dresses were patterned with the Dutch artist Piet Mondrian’s abstract and geometric designs. 6. Saint Laurent also aided the women’s liberation movement by challenging other socially accepted norms. . In 1971, Saint Laurent posed nude for his own perfume ads. This was shocking to many people. He did it to raise this question: Why is it more socially acceptable when a woman poses nude for an advertisement than when a man does? 8. He is credited with having introduced the tuxedo suit for women. 9. He became the first designer to use ethnic models in his runway shows, and referenced other non-European cultures in his work. 2. Alber Elbaz 1998-1999 3. Tom Ford 1999-2004 4. Stefano Pilati 2004- Logo Designed by: A. M. Cassandre Brand Main History: During the 1960s and 1970s, the firm popularized fashion trends such as the beatnik look, safari jackets for men and women, tight pants and tall, thigh-high boots, including the creation of arguably the most famous classic tuxedo suit for women in 1966, Le Smoking suit. Some of his most memorable collections include the Pop Art, Ballet Russes, Picasso and Chinese ones. He also started mainstreaming the idea of wearing silhouettes from the 1920s, ’30s and ’40s. He was the first, in 1966, to popularize ready-to-wear in an attempt to democratize fashion, with Rive Gauche a |name. He was also the first designer to use black models in his catwalk shows. Among St. Laurent’s muses were Loulou de La Falaise, the daughter of a French marquis and an Anglo-Irish fashion model, Betty Catroux, the half-Brazilian daughter of an American diplomat and wife of a French decorator, Talitha Pol-Getty, who died of drug overdose in 1971, and Catherine Deneuve, the iconic French actress. Ambassador to the couturier during the late 1970s and early 80s was London socialite millionairess Diane Boulting-Casserley Vandelli, making the brand ever more popular amongst the -European jet-set and upper classes. In 1993, the Saint-Laurent fashion house was sold to the pharmaceuticals company Sanofi for approximately $600,000,000. In the 1998-1999 seasons, Alber Elbaz, currently of Lanvin, designed 3 ready-to-wear collections. Pierre Berge appointed Hedi Slimane as Collections and art Director in 1997, and they relaunched YSL Rive Gauche Homme. Hedi Slimane decided to leave the house 2 years later. In 1999, Gucci bought the YSL brand and asked Tom Ford to design the ready-to-wear collection while Saint-Laurent would design the haute couture collection. In 2002, dogged by years of poor health, drug abuse, depression, alcoholism, criticisms of YSL designs, Saint-Laurent closed the illustrious couture house of YSL. While the house no longer exists, the brand still survives through its parent company Gucci Group. The pret-a-porter line is still being produced under the direction of Stefano Pilati after Tom Ford left in 2004. His style is decidedly more French than the overtly sexy image that Tom Ford perpetuated. Brand Communication For advertising his companions, the Yves Saint Laurent uses familiar faces from the general public. In the beginning, Scroll Elela great names in fashion as Katoucha Niane, Betty Catroux, Loulou de la Falaise, Talitha Pol-actress Getty or Catherine Deneuve. Then, Kate Moss, Claudia Schiffer. The former supermodel Naomi Campbell is used for the campaign of the Autumn-Winter 09 collection. For the men’s fragrance â€Å"Night of the Man† is Vincent Cassel who embodies the new face of the brand. The house YSL applies to make his shows an event for which the jetset people jostling to sit in the front ranks. The venues are just as prestigious as the models occupying the podium. The women’s collection Autumn-Winter 07-08 and was held at the Centre Pompidou in Paris on 1 March 2007, while the men’s collection for the same season was held in the workshops Berthier. Campaign Spring-Summer 2008 women has, in turn, held on the premises of the Foundation Yves Saint Laurent-Pierre Berge. The Creative Director Stefano Pilati is then, photographers Ines Van Lamsweerde and Vinoodh Matadin and the model is none other than Kate Moss. The Fall-Winter 2009-2010 collection create the event: it is first opened on the website of the brand, before being presented on the catwalk. Since 2007, Stefano Pilati created the event each year to the streets with his â€Å"Manifesto†: a photo catalog of luxury brand Distibution to passersby on the street. In 2008 he was with the image of supermodel Naomi Campbell, photographed by the duo Inez van Lamsweerde and Vinoodh Matadin-distributed simultaneously in Paris, New York, London, Milan, Tokyo and Hong Kong. A cotton bag flanked YSL logo was also provided for the occasion. In 2009 he was with the image of Claudia Schiffer and accompanied by a bag with the initials of the brand, designed by Stefano Pilati himself, and a small USB key. How to cite Brand History Ysl, Papers

Long Waits At Hotel Checking And Checks Out †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Addressing Long Waits At Hotel Checking And Checks Out. Answer: First place of contact and up gradation Hotel check-in and check-out are notorious for causing delays to clients at certain hotels and this is linked to multiple reasons. Its important to remember that visitors checking in to your hotel will most properly have been traveling and be quite tired. This makes it important to have a simplified check-in system which allows the client to get to their room, freshen up and rest in the shortest possible time(Vallen 2009). At the same time when its time to leave, the customer will in most situations be in a hurry and delayed check out will again result in frustrating the customer. This makes it important for ABC Hotel to put in place certain measures which would help address this concern and help the business regain customer confidence. Experienced and Well-coordinated Staff Members The reception and checking counters are the first points of contact ABC Hotel have with its customers making it important for the staff manning this position to be experienced and have good knowledge regarding the process. The customer should be welcomed and asked regarding his requirement. In many situations, a customer would want to know the room price ranges and size after which they are likely to ask to see the rooms(O'Fallon Rutherford 2011). There should be an attendant to walk the customer directly to the closest available rooms keeping in mind they are tied so multiple rooms falling under different price ranges can be shown to the customer to make a choice. Once decided the receptionist of checking agent should request for the required ID documents for checking purpose. This has become mandatory at most hotels globally due to security concerns but rather than keep the customer waiting the checking process should begin. The reception and checking counter should have a copier, scanner, and printer ready to use and the document should be quickly scanned and printed. If the customer is willing to leave their ID while they checking they should be given the opportunity to check in while the receptionist completed the check in form. The check-in form can be taken to the customers room for verification and sign as well as handing over of the customer's ID documents. The reception and check in count should not only have one individual and all staff should be able to manage this counter thus allowing ABC Hotel to cater to multiple customers at the same time. Usage of Advanced Technologies and Software ABC Hotel must also consider using computers, software programs, and the internet to speed up the operations. The Hotel currently relies on traditional paper work and filing which results in serious delays. It is critical for ABC Hotel to invest on computers and also purchasehotel management software designed to manage hotel operations which would help reduce the paper work logistics and speed up the process(Jiuguang 2015). The software must be designed to include all hotel operations starting from the booking to checking, check out, room service, catering, and laundry. The software system should be able to include each operation gradually so as to prevent ABC Hotel hampering its operations with the change. ABC Hotels staffs also require being trained regarding the use of the system which would take some time for them to master. The system should also be versatile and not be limited to computers since this limits certain staff members from utilizing it and should be accessible and us able on smart phones in form of an application. This would allow each staff member to log in to the system once at work and remain connected to the network. Each of their tasks should be input to the system which would help deliver a smooth flow of all operations Booking ABC Hotel has recorded an increase in customer complaints and frustration related to delays while checking in to the hotel. The first operation to be developed on the software should, therefore, be linked to resolving booking and check-in glitches that are causing delay(Maniar 2017). Most people own smartphones which are connected to the internet which makes it important for ABC Hotel to connect with their customers online and begin the booking and checking process. 75% of hotel customer will return to use the same hotel is satisfied on a previous occasion making it important to remain connected with the customer. This can be done via social media, websites and more importantly through the ABC Hotels mobile application which would allow the business to remain connected to the hotel and allow them to make bookings before or while traveling. Similar to most online portal accounts the customer would have a well-developed web account on the hotel website which would have all their detail s entered which would speed up the check in process since the customer doesnt need to furnish their document each time they visit the hotel. For ABC Hotel which has multiple branches across the different nations across the globe, the process would be considerably easier for clients as they dont need to worry regarding document validity while checking in to each hotel thus speeding up the process. All details should be entered while filling the online booking thus allowing the hotel staff to prepare the rooms and facilities well before the customer arrives thus eliminating the need to spend long periods checking in to the hotels. Network Accounting of Hotel Charges Another major benefit linked to digitalizing ABC Hotels operations would be the speed at which a customers check-out the bill would be prepared. The software would connect all departments of the hotels which would require entering the details related to the customer thus automatically registering and reflecting on this account(Bandy 2014). These details can also be directly accessed by the customer by logging on to their portal account or via the mobile application thus allowing the customer to be more managing their account in a better manner. ABC Hotel has also been experiencing serious delays during check out due to customers denying or doubting the charges for services, food, and beverages they may have considered at the hotel during their stay. By having a live network which is updated immediately the customer utilizes services or places an order for food or drinks both the staff and the customer would be updated instantly thus eliminating doubt related to billing during checkou t. This will help speed up the process and help reduce customer frustration related to checking and check out delays. Offering Online Booking Most major businesses have gone digital making it important for ABC Hotel to also invest on a well-developed portal and smartphone application which would help deliver customers with direct access to the hotel's services(Kozak Kozak 2016). The portal should provide check availability, book room, payment and access to other hotel services through the portal or via the application. This would eliminate the requirement to use the phone or approach the hotel blindly to book a room since all the information would be available on the website. Allows the Availability to be checked Digitalization of hotel bookings is very beneficial as it allows the customer to check for viability at the hotel by a clock of a button. Digitalization has helped speed up processing in many industries and businesses due to the customer being able to access the information in a matter of seconds which allows them to make to make the final decision. If available the portal would also allow for the customer to book the preferred room immediately which would help eliminate the chances of double booking. Double bookings have been a major concern and frustrations among hotel customers in the past due to different receptionist booking the same room for two customers leading to a serious public relations concern Speed Up Room and Service Booking Once the booking has been placed the customer would be requested to confirm their booking by paying a deposited to confirm the booking. This deposit would be considered as part payment for the room but would also act as a security token offered by the customer towards booking the room. Either way, the deposited would allow for the rooms booking to be confirmed thus allowing the customer to relax knowing they have got the room. Instigates Competitive Room and Services Rates Online room comparison and booking services also allow the customer to compare different hotel rooms and services which allow them to select the most suitable hotel. This may sound negative for ABC Hotel but it actually triggers competition which forces the business to adopt new business strategies based on customer expectations. This is likely to see the business improve its service delivery considerably and also offer current services at a completive price so as to retain customer interest. Offering Unique Customer ID Another strategy ABC Hotel can implement to reduce customer check-in and check-out times is by either offering unique permanent or temporary customer swipe cards to the customer at checking. For regular customers, the details could be entered once and the customer is given the card to remain with always. The swipe card would have all the customer details entered on to it which would reduce the check in time for regular customers(Schrage 2014). Passing customers would need to spend a few minutes checking in and having their details entered on the card but the card would help slash the checkout time considerably. The customer who has checked in would require providing their card to order any food, drinks, and services at the hotel which would have the details entered to the card. The information would also be simultaneously being shared to a cloud network allowing the customer and hotel staff to counter check the information. This would deliver instant accountability allowing the custo mer to present the card to the cashier at checkout and have their entire check out bill revealed in a few seconds. This would help reduce check-in and check-out times which would help the business address the concerns and complaints being raised by customers in recent weeks. Why Customers are Growing Restless and Complaining The past decade has seen an increase in the number of complaints customer and the public, in general, are launching on businesses and even the government. This is due to digital technology delivering considerable transparency which allows the customer to know his rights today. All information and details are also publicly displayed which forced businesses and he government perform their responsibilities by the book. The same applies for hotels and most other service providers and businesses since customers not have access to the information and will not hesitate to pressurize the business or organization to deliver better services(Madjid 2017). Businesses like ABC Hotel which have not put in place and implemented digital platform are not facing serious complications from their customers. Many customers are used to getting their work done in minutes if not seconds and will lash out at individuals, businesses, and organizations which have not adopted modern technologies. Proposed Resolution ABC Hotel may be facing concerns linked to lack of staff training and experience handling the reception check in and checkout counters but the hotel is facing a bigger problem linked to failing to adopt digital technology to its operations. To overcome the customer negative sentiment and complaints ABC Hotel will have to implement a radical change to its operations and infuse as well as use computer and other digital technologies interlinked by a network. This would keep the customers, staff, andmanagement on the same page thus helping eliminate conflict and confusion which is leading to rising frustration and complaints by client visiting ABC Hotel. References Bandy, G 2014,Financial Management and Accounting in the Public Sector, 2nd edn, Routledge, London. Jiuguang, F 2015, Educational Strategies for the Next Generation Leaders in Hotel Management, IGI Global, Hershey. Kozak, M Kozak, N 2016, Tourist Behaviour: An International Perspective, CABI, Oxfordshire. Madjid, T 2017, Enterprise Information Systems and the Digitalization of Business Functions, IGI Global, Hershey. Maniar, R 2017, Hotel Booking Trends in South East Asia: Online hotel booking trends in South East Asia, Laurance Bradford. O'Fallon, M Rutherford, D 2011,Hotel Management and Operations, John Wiley Sons, New Jersey. Schrage, M 2014, The Innovator's Hypothesis: How Cheap Experiments Are Worth More Than Good Ideas, MIT Press. Vallen 2009, Check-In Check-Out: Managing Hotel Operations, 8/E, 8th edn, Pearson Education India, New Delhi.