Characteristics Of Isolates - 1056 Words

In contrast, enterocin TA0033 was unstable at 100 ºC and autoclaving temperatures and lost its activity after exposure to the indicated temperatures. Partial loss in activity was seen with enterocin TA0033 at 60 and 80 ºC after 60min of exposure with 75% reduction in activity within 90 min. In contrast, no loss of activity of enterocin TA102 was seen at these temperatures during the tested time intervals and no significant difference (p0.05) in activity between treated and untreated supernatant were observed. Enterocin TA0033 displayed bactericidal mode of action at 6,400 AU/ml, whereas bacteriostatic activity was detected at lower concentrations (200 AU/ml). Enterocin TA102 demonstrated bacteriostatic mode of action as seen by absence of†¦show more content†¦Discussion Human milk is a potential source of probiotic bacteria, including lactobacilli, streptococci, bifidobacteria and enterococci to the infant gut, affecting the overall composition of the neonate gut microbiota. Although enterococci are widely recognized as probiotic bacteria but opposed to other LAB genus they have yet not been assigned the GRAS (generally recognized as safe) status. E.faecium is considered a suitable probiotic candidate for modulation of immune responses against pathogens (24). In this study, we observed the probiotic properties of the two Enterococcus species including their resistance in stress conditions like acidic environment, high bile salt concentrations, and simulated gastric and intestinal conditions. Another important characteristic of the isolates in study, was their wide antibacterial spectrum against a number of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. In agreement with our findings, Ghrairi and colleagues (25), reported E. faecium MMT21 bacteriocin ab ility to inhibit not only closely related LAB, but also L. monocytogenes and S. aureus. Different spectrum of inhibitory action may be based on the bacteriocin producing strain, the indicator strain, and also the method used for bacteriocin detection. During physico-chemical characterizations of the antagonistic agent produced by the two Enterococcus species in study, it was observed that the antibacterial actions exertedShow MoreRelatedWhat Are Bacteria And Other Organisms?1458 Words   |  6 Pagestreatment and strategy can be developed to remedy the problem (Intrieri, 2014). In order to identify bacteria and other organisms, scientists have developed many different tests to differentiate microorganisms from each other their physical characteristics. There are many different physiological tests one can used to identify bacteria. For this project, one can use a spore stain to see if a bacteria can produce spores in response to nutrient depletion.(Intrieri, 2014) There is also the catalaseRead MoreMango Essay806 Words   |  4 Pagesanalysis. In the present study, morphological characteristics of the isolates agreed with the description of C. gloeosporioides, but cultural characteristics, which may be diverse due to cultural conditions, and conidial morphology cannot distinguish between species in the C. gloeosporioides complex (Weir et al. 2012). Based on morphological identification, single genes sequence analysis and the five-gene-combined phylogenetic analysis, the isolates obtained from mango in Guangxi included in thisRead MoreBiological Substances And Its Effects On Bacterial Infections1557 Words   |  7 Pagessynthesis as well as contribute to the development of thousands of clinical and medicinal applications. In this experiment, microbial isolates were extracted from various soil samples, purified, and screened through a variety of antibiotic and genomic processes to determine antibiotic attributes. These attributes would be associated with classifying and identifying the isolates down the genus level to be used for further studies and investigations. Materials and Methods: Soil Sample Collection Two soilRead MoreFollowership: Leadership and Followers1218 Words   |  5 PagesThere have been many observations regarding the characteristics of a leader, but followership has received less attention. Treister and Schultz (1997) â€Å"suggests that a follower is someone who accepts guidance and, on receiving it, takes the appropriate action. Treister et al (1997) also state followership is â€Å"considered a passive or submissive role of lesser importance than leadership. However, the effectiveness of leaders to a large measure depends on the qualities of their followers.† TreisterRead MoreStreak Plate Essay654 Words   |  3 PagesWhen an agar plate is inoculated, why is the loop sterilized after the initial inoculation in put on? Ans: We use agar plate to inoculate microbes by zipping the loop on the agar several times. We streak on the agar plate four time, propose is to isolate the unknown bacteria. Therefore, the first time to streak on the plate, there are million of bacteria on the loop. For that reason, we need to sterilize the loop before next streaking. Then we can get small group of colonies out from the large groupRead MoreStreptococcus Pneumoniae ( S. Pneumoniae Essay938 Words   |  4 PagesA definitive diagnosis of IPD is provided by the isolation of S. pneumoniae from normally sterile body sites such as blood, cerebrospinal and pleural fluids. However, this is only achievable for a few cases of IPD. This is because the ability to isolate S. pneumoniae from clinical specimens is significantly reduced by prior antibiotic therapy [7]. In the case of pneumococcal pneumonia, the most common clinical manifestation of pneumococcal infections, there are also the added problems of obtainingRead MoreIsol ation And Identification Of Seed Borne Fungi1234 Words   |  5 PagesPrajapati4 1 4 Asst. Professor, College of Agriculture, NAU, Waghai 2. Director of Research Dean PG Studies, NAU, Navsari 3 Asst. Research Scientist, NARP, NAU, Navsari Email:amol_deshmukhnau@yahoo.co.in Abstract An experiment was undertaken to isolate and identify the seed borne fungi of Green gram. Seed samples of three Green gram varieties were collected from Pulse research station, NAU, Navsari. PDA plating method was employed for the isolation of the fungi and cultural, microscopic study wasRead MoreThe Causal Fungus Of Guava Scabby In El Beheira Governorate1099 Words   |  5 Pagessp the Causal Fungus of Guava Scabby Canker in EL-Beheira Governorate, Egypt. ABSTRACT During 2013-2014 growing seasons, forty three isolates of Pestalotiopsis spp were recovered from guava leaves and fruits showed scab symptoms from different regions in EL-Beheira governorate. Five Pestalotiopsis species were recognized according to the morphological characteristics of fungal colony (Colony color, Size and number of acervulii) and conidia (Length, Width, and Color of median cells, Length and theRead MoreCross Sectional Study1531 Words   |  7 Pagescross-sectional study conducted between March 2016 and September 2016, among non-duplicate S. aureus isolates, obtained from clinical isolates and nasal swabs of hospitalized patients and HCWs, in four teaching hospitals (Alzahra, Shariati, Imam Kazem and ShahidChamran) in Isfahan, Iran. Samples collected from different wards, including surgery, intensive care units (ICUs), and internal medicine. Clinical isolates were obtained from the wound, blood, urine culture, sputum, peritoneum and synovial samplesRead MoreEssay Iso lation in Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis867 Words   |  4 Pagesthe families’ separation from society. In The Metamorphosis, Kafka emphasizes Gregor’s seclusion from his family. However, Gregor’s separation is involuntary unlike the family who isolates themselves by the choices they make. Each family member has characteristics separating them from society. These characteristics become more unraveling than Gregor, displaying the true isolation contained in The Metamorphosis. Grete’s isolation from society stems from her passion and interest for her

Brand History Ysl Free Essays

Brand History Founded by: Yves Saint Laurent and his partner Pierre Berge Chief Designer: 1. Yves Saint Laurent 1962-2002 The Day of Birth: August 1, 1936 The Day of death: June 1, 2008 Reputation: He is considered by many of the world’s best- dressed people to be the inventor of modern fashion. Besides that, he is seen as the last of a generation of clothes designers that made the Rive Gauche (French for â€Å"Left Bank† of the Seine River in Paris) home to the most talented fashion designers in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Brand History Ysl or any similar topic only for you Order Now These designers include Christian Dior, Coco Chanel, and Hubert de Givenchy — all people who helped make Paris the international capital of fashion. CAREER: 1. Saint Laurent got his big break when he was only 17 years old. The shy young designer began to work for fashion legend, Christian Dior. 2. By the time he was 21 years old, Saint Laurent was in charge of Dior’s empire. He immediately started to develop a unique style that combined Dior’s elegance and tradition with a more wearable, realistic style. . Saint Laurent struck out on his own in 1961, opening his own fashion house where he created haute couture for socialites and celebrities. MAIN ACHIEVEMENTS: 1. Saint Laurent’s trendsetting clothes not only changed the look of high fashion but also the life of the average woman. 2. Aside from his haute couture clothing, he offered another clothing line for women available in department stores. The designs from this line often turned heads and changed the lives of the women who wore them. 3. In the 1960s and 1970s, when women were joining the workforce in millions for the first time, Saint Laurent designed more gender-neutral looks based on pants and jackets. No longer did women feel like they needed to wear only skirts and blouses. The change met with resistance, but women those who wearing Yves Saint Laurent’s pantsuits would simply take off their pants to dictate what they were allowed to wear on more than one occasion. 4. Another clothing item of his that became popular was a jacket called â€Å"le smoking,† which is a square-shouldered tuxedo for women. When the jacket first appeared in his 1966 fall-winter collection, it immediately became a groundbreaking landmark in fashion history because it blurred the lines between traditional male and female style. 5. Saint Laurent also changed fashion by using other types of pop culture in his clothes. For example, he created the Mondrian dress in 1965. These colorful dresses were patterned with the Dutch artist Piet Mondrian’s abstract and geometric designs. 6. Saint Laurent also aided the women’s liberation movement by challenging other socially accepted norms. . In 1971, Saint Laurent posed nude for his own perfume ads. This was shocking to many people. He did it to raise this question: Why is it more socially acceptable when a woman poses nude for an advertisement than when a man does? 8. He is credited with having introduced the tuxedo suit for women. 9. He became the first designer to use ethnic models in his runway shows, and referenced other non-European cultures in his work. 2. Alber Elbaz 1998-1999 3. Tom Ford 1999-2004 4. Stefano Pilati 2004- Logo Designed by: A. M. Cassandre Brand Main History: During the 1960s and 1970s, the firm popularized fashion trends such as the beatnik look, safari jackets for men and women, tight pants and tall, thigh-high boots, including the creation of arguably the most famous classic tuxedo suit for women in 1966, Le Smoking suit. Some of his most memorable collections include the Pop Art, Ballet Russes, Picasso and Chinese ones. He also started mainstreaming the idea of wearing silhouettes from the 1920s, ’30s and ’40s. He was the first, in 1966, to popularize ready-to-wear in an attempt to democratize fashion, with Rive Gauche a |name. He was also the first designer to use black models in his catwalk shows. Among St. Laurent’s muses were Loulou de La Falaise, the daughter of a French marquis and an Anglo-Irish fashion model, Betty Catroux, the half-Brazilian daughter of an American diplomat and wife of a French decorator, Talitha Pol-Getty, who died of drug overdose in 1971, and Catherine Deneuve, the iconic French actress. Ambassador to the couturier during the late 1970s and early 80s was London socialite millionairess Diane Boulting-Casserley Vandelli, making the brand ever more popular amongst the -European jet-set and upper classes. In 1993, the Saint-Laurent fashion house was sold to the pharmaceuticals company Sanofi for approximately $600,000,000. In the 1998-1999 seasons, Alber Elbaz, currently of Lanvin, designed 3 ready-to-wear collections. Pierre Berge appointed Hedi Slimane as Collections and art Director in 1997, and they relaunched YSL Rive Gauche Homme. Hedi Slimane decided to leave the house 2 years later. In 1999, Gucci bought the YSL brand and asked Tom Ford to design the ready-to-wear collection while Saint-Laurent would design the haute couture collection. In 2002, dogged by years of poor health, drug abuse, depression, alcoholism, criticisms of YSL designs, Saint-Laurent closed the illustrious couture house of YSL. While the house no longer exists, the brand still survives through its parent company Gucci Group. The pret-a-porter line is still being produced under the direction of Stefano Pilati after Tom Ford left in 2004. His style is decidedly more French than the overtly sexy image that Tom Ford perpetuated. Brand Communication For advertising his companions, the Yves Saint Laurent uses familiar faces from the general public. In the beginning, Scroll Elela great names in fashion as Katoucha Niane, Betty Catroux, Loulou de la Falaise, Talitha Pol-actress Getty or Catherine Deneuve. Then, Kate Moss, Claudia Schiffer. The former supermodel Naomi Campbell is used for the campaign of the Autumn-Winter 09 collection. For the men’s fragrance â€Å"Night of the Man† is Vincent Cassel who embodies the new face of the brand. The house YSL applies to make his shows an event for which the jetset people jostling to sit in the front ranks. The venues are just as prestigious as the models occupying the podium. The women’s collection Autumn-Winter 07-08 and was held at the Centre Pompidou in Paris on 1 March 2007, while the men’s collection for the same season was held in the workshops Berthier. Campaign Spring-Summer 2008 women has, in turn, held on the premises of the Foundation Yves Saint Laurent-Pierre Berge. The Creative Director Stefano Pilati is then, photographers Ines Van Lamsweerde and Vinoodh Matadin and the model is none other than Kate Moss. The Fall-Winter 2009-2010 collection create the event: it is first opened on the website of the brand, before being presented on the catwalk. Since 2007, Stefano Pilati created the event each year to the streets with his â€Å"Manifesto†: a photo catalog of luxury brand Distibution to passersby on the street. In 2008 he was with the image of supermodel Naomi Campbell, photographed by the duo Inez van Lamsweerde and Vinoodh Matadin-distributed simultaneously in Paris, New York, London, Milan, Tokyo and Hong Kong. A cotton bag flanked YSL logo was also provided for the occasion. In 2009 he was with the image of Claudia Schiffer and accompanied by a bag with the initials of the brand, designed by Stefano Pilati himself, and a small USB key. How to cite Brand History Ysl, Papers

Long Waits At Hotel Checking And Checks Out †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Addressing Long Waits At Hotel Checking And Checks Out. Answer: First place of contact and up gradation Hotel check-in and check-out are notorious for causing delays to clients at certain hotels and this is linked to multiple reasons. Its important to remember that visitors checking in to your hotel will most properly have been traveling and be quite tired. This makes it important to have a simplified check-in system which allows the client to get to their room, freshen up and rest in the shortest possible time(Vallen 2009). At the same time when its time to leave, the customer will in most situations be in a hurry and delayed check out will again result in frustrating the customer. This makes it important for ABC Hotel to put in place certain measures which would help address this concern and help the business regain customer confidence. Experienced and Well-coordinated Staff Members The reception and checking counters are the first points of contact ABC Hotel have with its customers making it important for the staff manning this position to be experienced and have good knowledge regarding the process. The customer should be welcomed and asked regarding his requirement. In many situations, a customer would want to know the room price ranges and size after which they are likely to ask to see the rooms(O'Fallon Rutherford 2011). There should be an attendant to walk the customer directly to the closest available rooms keeping in mind they are tied so multiple rooms falling under different price ranges can be shown to the customer to make a choice. Once decided the receptionist of checking agent should request for the required ID documents for checking purpose. This has become mandatory at most hotels globally due to security concerns but rather than keep the customer waiting the checking process should begin. The reception and checking counter should have a copier, scanner, and printer ready to use and the document should be quickly scanned and printed. If the customer is willing to leave their ID while they checking they should be given the opportunity to check in while the receptionist completed the check in form. The check-in form can be taken to the customers room for verification and sign as well as handing over of the customer's ID documents. The reception and check in count should not only have one individual and all staff should be able to manage this counter thus allowing ABC Hotel to cater to multiple customers at the same time. Usage of Advanced Technologies and Software ABC Hotel must also consider using computers, software programs, and the internet to speed up the operations. The Hotel currently relies on traditional paper work and filing which results in serious delays. It is critical for ABC Hotel to invest on computers and also purchasehotel management software designed to manage hotel operations which would help reduce the paper work logistics and speed up the process(Jiuguang 2015). The software must be designed to include all hotel operations starting from the booking to checking, check out, room service, catering, and laundry. The software system should be able to include each operation gradually so as to prevent ABC Hotel hampering its operations with the change. ABC Hotels staffs also require being trained regarding the use of the system which would take some time for them to master. The system should also be versatile and not be limited to computers since this limits certain staff members from utilizing it and should be accessible and us able on smart phones in form of an application. This would allow each staff member to log in to the system once at work and remain connected to the network. Each of their tasks should be input to the system which would help deliver a smooth flow of all operations Booking ABC Hotel has recorded an increase in customer complaints and frustration related to delays while checking in to the hotel. The first operation to be developed on the software should, therefore, be linked to resolving booking and check-in glitches that are causing delay(Maniar 2017). Most people own smartphones which are connected to the internet which makes it important for ABC Hotel to connect with their customers online and begin the booking and checking process. 75% of hotel customer will return to use the same hotel is satisfied on a previous occasion making it important to remain connected with the customer. This can be done via social media, websites and more importantly through the ABC Hotels mobile application which would allow the business to remain connected to the hotel and allow them to make bookings before or while traveling. Similar to most online portal accounts the customer would have a well-developed web account on the hotel website which would have all their detail s entered which would speed up the check in process since the customer doesnt need to furnish their document each time they visit the hotel. For ABC Hotel which has multiple branches across the different nations across the globe, the process would be considerably easier for clients as they dont need to worry regarding document validity while checking in to each hotel thus speeding up the process. All details should be entered while filling the online booking thus allowing the hotel staff to prepare the rooms and facilities well before the customer arrives thus eliminating the need to spend long periods checking in to the hotels. Network Accounting of Hotel Charges Another major benefit linked to digitalizing ABC Hotels operations would be the speed at which a customers check-out the bill would be prepared. The software would connect all departments of the hotels which would require entering the details related to the customer thus automatically registering and reflecting on this account(Bandy 2014). These details can also be directly accessed by the customer by logging on to their portal account or via the mobile application thus allowing the customer to be more managing their account in a better manner. ABC Hotel has also been experiencing serious delays during check out due to customers denying or doubting the charges for services, food, and beverages they may have considered at the hotel during their stay. By having a live network which is updated immediately the customer utilizes services or places an order for food or drinks both the staff and the customer would be updated instantly thus eliminating doubt related to billing during checkou t. This will help speed up the process and help reduce customer frustration related to checking and check out delays. Offering Online Booking Most major businesses have gone digital making it important for ABC Hotel to also invest on a well-developed portal and smartphone application which would help deliver customers with direct access to the hotel's services(Kozak Kozak 2016). The portal should provide check availability, book room, payment and access to other hotel services through the portal or via the application. This would eliminate the requirement to use the phone or approach the hotel blindly to book a room since all the information would be available on the website. Allows the Availability to be checked Digitalization of hotel bookings is very beneficial as it allows the customer to check for viability at the hotel by a clock of a button. Digitalization has helped speed up processing in many industries and businesses due to the customer being able to access the information in a matter of seconds which allows them to make to make the final decision. If available the portal would also allow for the customer to book the preferred room immediately which would help eliminate the chances of double booking. Double bookings have been a major concern and frustrations among hotel customers in the past due to different receptionist booking the same room for two customers leading to a serious public relations concern Speed Up Room and Service Booking Once the booking has been placed the customer would be requested to confirm their booking by paying a deposited to confirm the booking. This deposit would be considered as part payment for the room but would also act as a security token offered by the customer towards booking the room. Either way, the deposited would allow for the rooms booking to be confirmed thus allowing the customer to relax knowing they have got the room. Instigates Competitive Room and Services Rates Online room comparison and booking services also allow the customer to compare different hotel rooms and services which allow them to select the most suitable hotel. This may sound negative for ABC Hotel but it actually triggers competition which forces the business to adopt new business strategies based on customer expectations. This is likely to see the business improve its service delivery considerably and also offer current services at a completive price so as to retain customer interest. Offering Unique Customer ID Another strategy ABC Hotel can implement to reduce customer check-in and check-out times is by either offering unique permanent or temporary customer swipe cards to the customer at checking. For regular customers, the details could be entered once and the customer is given the card to remain with always. The swipe card would have all the customer details entered on to it which would reduce the check in time for regular customers(Schrage 2014). Passing customers would need to spend a few minutes checking in and having their details entered on the card but the card would help slash the checkout time considerably. The customer who has checked in would require providing their card to order any food, drinks, and services at the hotel which would have the details entered to the card. The information would also be simultaneously being shared to a cloud network allowing the customer and hotel staff to counter check the information. This would deliver instant accountability allowing the custo mer to present the card to the cashier at checkout and have their entire check out bill revealed in a few seconds. This would help reduce check-in and check-out times which would help the business address the concerns and complaints being raised by customers in recent weeks. Why Customers are Growing Restless and Complaining The past decade has seen an increase in the number of complaints customer and the public, in general, are launching on businesses and even the government. This is due to digital technology delivering considerable transparency which allows the customer to know his rights today. All information and details are also publicly displayed which forced businesses and he government perform their responsibilities by the book. The same applies for hotels and most other service providers and businesses since customers not have access to the information and will not hesitate to pressurize the business or organization to deliver better services(Madjid 2017). Businesses like ABC Hotel which have not put in place and implemented digital platform are not facing serious complications from their customers. Many customers are used to getting their work done in minutes if not seconds and will lash out at individuals, businesses, and organizations which have not adopted modern technologies. Proposed Resolution ABC Hotel may be facing concerns linked to lack of staff training and experience handling the reception check in and checkout counters but the hotel is facing a bigger problem linked to failing to adopt digital technology to its operations. To overcome the customer negative sentiment and complaints ABC Hotel will have to implement a radical change to its operations and infuse as well as use computer and other digital technologies interlinked by a network. This would keep the customers, staff, andmanagement on the same page thus helping eliminate conflict and confusion which is leading to rising frustration and complaints by client visiting ABC Hotel. References Bandy, G 2014,Financial Management and Accounting in the Public Sector, 2nd edn, Routledge, London. Jiuguang, F 2015, Educational Strategies for the Next Generation Leaders in Hotel Management, IGI Global, Hershey. Kozak, M Kozak, N 2016, Tourist Behaviour: An International Perspective, CABI, Oxfordshire. Madjid, T 2017, Enterprise Information Systems and the Digitalization of Business Functions, IGI Global, Hershey. Maniar, R 2017, Hotel Booking Trends in South East Asia: Online hotel booking trends in South East Asia, Laurance Bradford. O'Fallon, M Rutherford, D 2011,Hotel Management and Operations, John Wiley Sons, New Jersey. Schrage, M 2014, The Innovator's Hypothesis: How Cheap Experiments Are Worth More Than Good Ideas, MIT Press. Vallen 2009, Check-In Check-Out: Managing Hotel Operations, 8/E, 8th edn, Pearson Education India, New Delhi.

What jazz is and what jazz is not

Jazz existence in the world of music has its own ambiguity in definitions. Jazz is a section of creative art that is mostly an illustration of African – American sense of art. It is a field which has become jargonized recognizing itself additional as separate from past forms rather than relevant to today’s world of music.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What jazz is and what jazz is not specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is much interesting finding out that even many of those who claim to be the die hearts of this type of music do not have a clear definition of what jazz is. There is uniqueness in this type of music in its inclusiveness in performance which I think is a combination of Africa and Europe cultures. The vagueness of the definition of Jazz is even made complex by the notion held by many fans that it is rhythmical music which is to be felt rather than being defined. According to John Phi lip Sousa â€Å"Jazz will endure just as long as people hear it through their feet instead of their brains.† Jazz is a music genre whose origin dates back to 1900 in New Orleans, America. The manipulations that led to those early New Orleans sounds date back to ethnic African drum beats and European music make ups. Christopher Meeder (8-10) Persuasions of Jazz appear to have come from all over, one being the African musical performances that continued a part of the slave culture and another being from the dominant white musical culture of Western Europe. The Western Europe tradition had simple harmonies, simple rhythms, and the form often used was AABA. This happened when about four million slaves converted to American citizens and mixed up their African Background with the new music they were learning giving rise to Jazz music. There is much history about jazz which is not known due to lack of recording by then. While evaluating the account of Jazz one cannot fail to conside r the fact that Jazz shaped many musical forms such as Spirituals, Cakewalks, Ragtime and The Blues. Christopher Meeder (15-16) The elimination of slavery led to new openings for the education of liberated Africans. Those who were lucky to get employed, ventured into provision of entertainment and music industries. One of the major players of Jazz was ‘The Cornetist Buddy Bolden’ who is often referred to as the first jazz musician.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bolden performed in New Orleans between 1900 and 1910. Another key contributor in the influential of Jazz is believed to be Jelly Roll Morton who began his career in Storyville. From 1904, he explored with vaudeville shows. Morton claims to have made-up Jazz but with little evidence it is hard to conclude who invented Jazz, However, He was the first writer of Jazz music, signifying he was the first to essent ially put his songs in writing. Christopher Meeder (22-23) Jazz is characterized by tones that are distinctive and unique and rhythmic patterns that are syncopated and dotted. Melody in Jazz uses the stepwise motion. More attempts to define jazz have been made and as a result of these, jazz has existed in different forms. As a result, due to the spreading of jazz music in different regions of the world, variety of elements were fused together resulting to existence of different genres of jazz such as the Latin jazz and rock jazz. Basically, jazz is a genre of music that has features as any other music genre. Basic elements of jazz include interpretation, improvisation, rhythm and tempo. Henry martin (9-10) Interpretation is simply how the musician plays a melody. This is achieved by quoting melodies derived from different sources. Also, by placing triplets in the main/ basic beat, a melody could easily be played in jazz form. This aspect of playing in jazz is known as swinging of th e melody. Improvisation is another hard element of jazz . Most musicians/players spend most of their time mastering and working on this aspect in their playing. It marks the essence of what makes jazz a cut above other genres of music, as instantaneous composition, edition and performance encompass its definition. Meeder Christopher (11) it is through this element that jazz players are judged. It is also through this element that the players claim immortality. It is the fuel behind jazz music. Henry Martin (8) Improvisation enables a player to express himself at that instant. One other element of jazz is the tempo. Tempo in musical context is a word that means speed. In jazz, the tempo is constant from the beginning to the point at which the piece ends. It is the tempo of jazz that makes it soothing and appealing to the ear and this is a major characteristic of jazz. If you happen to ask anyone as to why he/she loves jazz, the most likely answer you are to get is that the piece is s oothing due to the nature of its tempo.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What jazz is and what jazz is not specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Jazz music is different from those other music genre. First and foremost, jazz encompasses a lot of flutes and trumpets melody for that matter. Jazz is not guided by a vocalist and composer neither is jazz held to a standard of performance. Jazz comes with a lot of instrumentation making it much more difficult to play jazz music. Therefore, jazz music cannot just be played by any person but with those that have the real passion for music. Henry martin (14-16) It varies significantly from classical music in which there is no originality from the instrumentalist, rather a mere execution of the composer’s ideas. Scott Yanow (32). They are held to a performance that is standardized and that which has already been established by people who have already performed in past eve nts. It is for this reason that jazz performers will always differ from any other performers. They are always encouraged to discover their ’sound’. They adhere to those basic elements of intonation, improvisation, tempo, rhythm etc. Jazz players will try as much as possible not to sound like anyone else. Therefore, it is true to say that jazz is more of the player’s art whereas classical music is more of the composer’s art. A careful look at the entire jazz concert would reveal that jazz concerts definitely lack conductors. This is because the tempo in jazz music is steady and constant from the start of performance to the end hence no need for conductors. Jazz music also differs from other music genre since it draws from the human emotions and feelings as inspiration of the creative force, and as a result of this discourse is chronicled tales of the people. Jazz players and those who follow the genre can be viewed as a community of art comprising of its l eaders, spokesperson the members and fans. Christopher Meeder (11-13) Jazz has become one of the most popular genres since it’s unique and comes with its own form of dance. It’s an energetic dance full of fun and encompasses moves that are unique, quick turns, great footwork and big leaps. Also, there are dancing clothes that also make jazz different and unique. Jazz dance requires costumes that are tight and reveal the dancer’s body line. Baggy clothes are not encouraged. Most jazz dancers would go for dance pants. Clothes worn for the jazz dance include leotards, t-shirts and tank tops (form fitting). What makes jazz dance different from dances such as hip-hop where dancers stick to certain dance routine is that in jazz, dancers are encouraged to make each step unique and fun by adding their own personality. Steps in jazz include piques, ballet turns, chaines, and even pirouettes. There are also some leaps that are involved in jazz dancing and these include to ur jetes, grandee jetes and even turning jumps. The jazz dancers also do what is called the isolation which involves moving one body part while the other parts of the body are motionless. Christopher Meeder (18-19)Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Jazz is definitely not many things. For instance, jazz is not classical music. As mentioned above, a huge difference exists between jazz and the classical music. Even though they seem to be alike, jazz music involves the players creativity and ability to form his/her own composition when in terms of music melodies and tones or performers ability to come up with moves that are unique and artistic in nature when in terms of the dance. Jazz is not opera as some people may think. Actually there is a very huge difference between jazz and the opera. Even though both genres date back to the old days, opera hardly uses dances or instruments. The melody in opera varies with various cadencies and tonal variations whereas in jazz the melody is steady. Jazz is also not an intellectual complexity. Most people who criticized jazz only claimed to any thoughtfulness about the music were that they knew it was unique or else they had visited a Negro slum to hear their desired instrumentalist defame w estern musical custom. Most jazz critics are not merely white middle-class Americans, but middle-brows also. Other types of music and jazz aesthetic, to be fully understood, must be seen in as almost its absolute human context as possible. It is Negro music that has been consistently ignored or misunderstood; and it is a question that cannot be adequately answered without first understanding the necessity of asking it. Scott Yanow (25-26). Jazz music has got radical development and has much influence. Modern jazz artists are probing for ways to make the music style practically watertight. The flaws which are being shunned are often referred to as the soul of jazz. Jazz can be well thought-out to be one of the most prominent types of music in America and lately spreading all over the world. Some of the well known artists in the world who have contributed to the sensation of jazz have had their history throughout the world. Jazz music has currently served as a base for many music styl es across the continents. In its early development stages, jazz was mainly considered as a set style that had a lot of differences from the rest of the styles that were there. Today, jazz is still recognized for its uniqueness and at many times, a disjunctive synchronization style, it is not one of the typical forms of music any longer. At its developing early stage, jazz style was based in one precise locality, and because of the recognition, it has been able to move many parts of the world. Jazz only had few performances in the early stages and its audience was also not large. This has greatly changed and with the current growth rate, it is likely that in the next five years, jazz music will experience greater audience than ever before. Also, today many other countries have their own styles of jazz that have carried over through the ages and continue to grow as jazz carries on through many more times to come. Jazz music has gone through many radical changes so far and it is still hard to predict its future. The fact that it is not restricted to any certain style of music and it is dynamic to changes in creativity available in the music industry makes it much more unpredictable. In the past, Jazz has changed from ragtime, swing, coal, hard bop, and to fusion jazz. Other music genres are also radical to changes and will in one way or another influence jazz. In my view Jazz is likely to change in the next five years consistently to audience wants and also for it being modern. For the formulation of an understanding about Jazz, I think it is critical to set up standards of judgment and aesthetic excellence that depends on native knowledge and local culture references that produce jazz. Jazz is more than just music, it involves expression of emotions. I also think that with the radical responsiveness to change jazz has received so far, it is not limited and more changes should be expected accommodating audience from all walks of life. Scott Yanow (9-10). Work Cit ed Martin Henry. Jazz: First 100 Years. Chicago: Cengage Learning, 2011. Meeder Christopher. Jazz: The Basics. New York: Routledge, 2008. Yanow Scott. Jazz: Regional Exploration. Chicago: Greenwood Publisher Group, 2005. This essay on What jazz is and what jazz is not was written and submitted by user Sub-Mariner to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Its over Essay Example

Its over Essay Example Its over Essay Its over Essay It feels like Im melting into the floor as I allow myself to stop running and very hastily drop my enormous duffel bag down. This is the first time I really get a good concentrated look around the room. It is almost blindingly bright from the glow of the florescent light and everything in the room is a bleached out color. The middle of the room is completely empty. The two side walls are filled with rows of bunk beds and tall off white wall lockers. The drill sergeants start to bark orders at us once again. Dump out your duffel bags on the floor and put everything in order, Now! We all methodically and very precisely begin to set out all of our personal belongings. Going through our bags takes us well into the night. Now that everything is shoved back into our bags, we stand back up in the rows we were first in. There is no movement or sound from any of us except the faint hum of everyones stilled breathing. What could possibly be next? As the drill sergeants pace back and forth, they order all of the male soldiers to form a single rank and arch outside to another building. All of the females are left waiting patiently for orders. To our surprise we are finally going to get assigned our bunks, wall lockers but most importantly our battle buddies. The bunk beds are Just 4 metal bars holding up sad looking foam mattresses. The blankets are the green rough itchy kind that everyone hates. The pillows are barely held together in a tan pillow case , although I dont know if they started off that color. But because I was so worn out and tired It coked like the most comfortable place I would ever lay my head. How have I made it through today? As Im laying on the bottom bunk with my new battle buddy directly over me , I cant help but wonder what the days ahead will hold. So many different thoughts are running through my mind. Am I strong enough mentally or physically to succeed . I am so scared but at the same time curious for the next day to begin. This is a once in a lifetime opportunity and I am going to make the best of it. Are you awake? The voice from the top bunk quietly sakes. Hesitantly I reply Yea, Im here. There was a long silence, almost long enough for me to think I had made up the short conversation. I was staring at the springs and bars above my head trying to force sleep . Then I hear the same soft voice saying the thing I needed most. This may feel like hell, but now we have each other. All the thoughts and worries that were running through my head disappear. I know I can make it through this suspiring place Its over By cosmos_09

The Diet of the First Colonists in the Americas

The Diet of the First Colonists in the Americas The Kelp Highway Hypothesis is a theory concerning the original colonization of the American continents. Part of the Pacific Coast Migration Model, the Kelp Highway proposes that the first Americans reached the New World by following the coastline along Beringia and into the American continents, using edible seaweeds as a food resource. Revising Clovis First For the better part of a century, the main theory of human population of the Americas was that Clovis big game hunters came into North America at the end of the Pleistocene along an ice-free corridor between ice sheets in Canada, about 10,000 years ago. Evidence of all kinds has shown that theory to be full of holes. The ice free-corridor wasnt open.The oldest Clovis sites are in Texas, not Canada.The Clovis people were not the first people into the Americas.The oldest pre-Clovis sites are found around the perimeter of North and South America, all dating between 10,000 and 15,000 years ago. Sea level rises have inundated the coastlines that the colonizers would have known, but there is strong evidentiary support for the migration of people in boats around the Pacific rim. Even though their landing sites are likely submerged in 50–120 meters (165–650 feet) of water, based on the radiocarbon dates of what would have been inland sites, such as Paisley Caves, Oregon and Monte Verde in Chile; the genetics of their ancestors, and perhaps the presence of a shared technology of stemmed points in use around the Pacific Rim between 15,000–10,000, all support the PCM. Diet of the Kelp Highway What the Kelp Highway Hypothesis brings to the Pacific Coast Migration model is a focus on the diet of the purported adventurers who used the Pacific coast to settle North and South America. That diet focus was first suggested by American archaeologist Jon Erlandson and colleagues beginning in 2007. Erlandson and colleagues proposed that the American colonizers were people who used using tanged or stemmed projectile points to rely on an abundance of marine species such as marine mammals (seals, sea otters, and walruses, cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises), seabirds and waterfowl, shellfish, fish, and edible seaweeds. Supporting technology required to hunt, butcher and process marine mammals, for example, must have included seaworthy boats, harpoons, and floats. Those different food resources are found continuously along the Pacific Rim: so as long as the earliest Asians to start out on the journey around the rim had the technology, they and their descendants could use it from Japan to Chile. Ancient Art of Sea Faring Although boat-building was long considered a fairly recent capability- the oldest excavated boats are from Mesopotamia- scholars have been forced to recalibrate that. Australia, separated from the Asian mainland, was colonized by humans at least 50,000 years ago. The islands in western Melanesia have settled by about 40,000 years ago, and Ryukyu islands between Japan and Taiwan by 35,000 years ago. Obsidian from Upper Paleolithic sites in Japan has been sourced to Kozushima Island- three and a half hours from Tokyo by jet boat today- which means that the Upper Paleolithic hunters in Japan went to the island to obtain the obsidian, in navigable boats, not just rafts. Peopling the Americas The data on archaeological sites scattered around the perimeters of the American continents include ca. 15,000-year-old sites in places as widespread as Oregon, Chile, the Amazon rainforest, and Virginia. Those similarly aged hunter-gatherer sites dont make much sense without a coastal migration model. The proponents suggest that beginning somewhere between 18,000 years ago, hunter-gatherers from Asia used the Pacific rim to travel, reaching North America by 16,000 years ago, and moving along the coast, reaching Monte Verde in southern Chile within 1,000 years. Once people reached the Isthmus of Panama, they took different paths, some northward up the Atlantic coast of North America and some southward along the Atlantic South American coastline in addition to the pathway along Pacific Southern American coast that led to Monte Verde. The proponents also suggest that Clovis large-mammal hunting technology developed as a land-based subsistence method near the Isthmus before 13,000 years ago, and spread back upward into southern-central and southeastern North America. Those Clovis hunters, descendants of Pre-Clovis, in turn, spread northward overland into North America, eventually meeting the descendants of the Pre-Clovis in the northwestern United States who used Western Stemmed points. Then and only then did Clovis colonize the finally truly Ice-Free Corridor to mingle together in eastern Beringia. Resisting a Dogmatic Stance In a 2013 book chapter, Erlandson himself points out that the Pacific Coast Model was proposed in 1977, and it took decades before the possibility of the Pacific Coast migration model was seriously considered. That was because, says Erlandson, the theory that Clovis people were the first colonists of the Americas was dogmatically and emphatically considered received wisdom. He cautions that the lack of coastal sites makes much of the theory speculative. If hes right, those sites are submerged between 50 and 120 m below mean sea level today, and as a result of Global Warming sea levels are rising, so without new undreamt-of technology, it is unlikely that we will ever be able to reach them. Further, he adds that scientists should not simply replace received-wisdom Clovis with received-wisdom pre-Clovis. Too much time was lost in battles for theoretical supremacy. But the Kelp Highway Hypothesis and the Pacific Coast Migration Model are a rich source of investigation for determining how people move into new territories. Sources Erlandson, Jon M. After Clovis-First Collapsed: Reimagining the Peopling of the Americas. Paleoamerican Odyssey. Eds. Graf, Kelly E., C.V. Ketron, and Michael R. Waters. College Station: Center for the Study of the First Americans, Texas AM, 2013. 127–32. Print.Erlandson, Jon M., and Todd J. Braje. From Asia to the Americas by Boat? Paleogeography, Paleoecology, and Stemmed Points of the Northwest Pacific. Quaternary International 239.1 (2011): 28–37. Print.Erlandson, Jon M., et al. Ecology of the Kelp Highway: Did Marine Resources Facilitate Human Dispersal from Northeast Asia to the Americas? The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 10.3 (2015): 392–411. Print.Erlandson, Jon M., et al. The Kelp Highway Hypothesis: Marine Ecology, the Coastal Migration Theory, and the Peopling of the Americas. The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 2.2 (2007): 161–74. Print.Graham, Michael H., Paul K. Dayton, and Jon M. Erlandson. Ice Ages and Ecological Trans itions on Temperate Coasts. Trends in Ecology Evolution 18.1 (2003): 33–40. Print. Schmitt, Catherine. Maines Kelp Highway. Maine Boats, Homes Harbors Winter 2013.122 (2013). Print.

Reflection Paper #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection Paper #2 - Essay Example Moreover, I believe that loyalty as a value means a lot to me. A part from making me have a peace of mind, it can improve my interpersonal relations especially with my seniors and colleagues. Lastly, helpfulness is also a value which I should always uphold. It is necessary for my success as an ethical leader as it puts me in the right path of being concerned about and responsible for others. Each of these values is very important for me. Therefore, I can integrate them into my leadership style through commitment, sacrifice and continued practice. This will make me to become a model leader whose ethical leadership style should be emulated. At the same time, these values should always be applied when confronted with any situation which requires an informed and rational decision-making. As an individual, I am aware of my strengths and weaknesses. In this regard, it is my pleasure to point out that hard work, sincerity, determination, discipline and team work top the list of my greatest strengths. It is these qualities which have made me to be whom I am. I came to know about them after conducting a self-assessment. This was based on my previous performances in comparison to my colleagues and the social expectations. However, having known my strengths, I would have to make a good use of them as I plan to prepare myself to be the most desirable ethical leader in the society. Indeed, their effective application would enamel me to achieve this