What jazz is and what jazz is not

Jazz existence in the world of music has its own ambiguity in definitions. Jazz is a section of creative art that is mostly an illustration of African – American sense of art. It is a field which has become jargonized recognizing itself additional as separate from past forms rather than relevant to today’s world of music.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What jazz is and what jazz is not specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is much interesting finding out that even many of those who claim to be the die hearts of this type of music do not have a clear definition of what jazz is. There is uniqueness in this type of music in its inclusiveness in performance which I think is a combination of Africa and Europe cultures. The vagueness of the definition of Jazz is even made complex by the notion held by many fans that it is rhythmical music which is to be felt rather than being defined. According to John Phi lip Sousa â€Å"Jazz will endure just as long as people hear it through their feet instead of their brains.† Jazz is a music genre whose origin dates back to 1900 in New Orleans, America. The manipulations that led to those early New Orleans sounds date back to ethnic African drum beats and European music make ups. Christopher Meeder (8-10) Persuasions of Jazz appear to have come from all over, one being the African musical performances that continued a part of the slave culture and another being from the dominant white musical culture of Western Europe. The Western Europe tradition had simple harmonies, simple rhythms, and the form often used was AABA. This happened when about four million slaves converted to American citizens and mixed up their African Background with the new music they were learning giving rise to Jazz music. There is much history about jazz which is not known due to lack of recording by then. While evaluating the account of Jazz one cannot fail to conside r the fact that Jazz shaped many musical forms such as Spirituals, Cakewalks, Ragtime and The Blues. Christopher Meeder (15-16) The elimination of slavery led to new openings for the education of liberated Africans. Those who were lucky to get employed, ventured into provision of entertainment and music industries. One of the major players of Jazz was ‘The Cornetist Buddy Bolden’ who is often referred to as the first jazz musician.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bolden performed in New Orleans between 1900 and 1910. Another key contributor in the influential of Jazz is believed to be Jelly Roll Morton who began his career in Storyville. From 1904, he explored with vaudeville shows. Morton claims to have made-up Jazz but with little evidence it is hard to conclude who invented Jazz, However, He was the first writer of Jazz music, signifying he was the first to essent ially put his songs in writing. Christopher Meeder (22-23) Jazz is characterized by tones that are distinctive and unique and rhythmic patterns that are syncopated and dotted. Melody in Jazz uses the stepwise motion. More attempts to define jazz have been made and as a result of these, jazz has existed in different forms. As a result, due to the spreading of jazz music in different regions of the world, variety of elements were fused together resulting to existence of different genres of jazz such as the Latin jazz and rock jazz. Basically, jazz is a genre of music that has features as any other music genre. Basic elements of jazz include interpretation, improvisation, rhythm and tempo. Henry martin (9-10) Interpretation is simply how the musician plays a melody. This is achieved by quoting melodies derived from different sources. Also, by placing triplets in the main/ basic beat, a melody could easily be played in jazz form. This aspect of playing in jazz is known as swinging of th e melody. Improvisation is another hard element of jazz . Most musicians/players spend most of their time mastering and working on this aspect in their playing. It marks the essence of what makes jazz a cut above other genres of music, as instantaneous composition, edition and performance encompass its definition. Meeder Christopher (11) it is through this element that jazz players are judged. It is also through this element that the players claim immortality. It is the fuel behind jazz music. Henry Martin (8) Improvisation enables a player to express himself at that instant. One other element of jazz is the tempo. Tempo in musical context is a word that means speed. In jazz, the tempo is constant from the beginning to the point at which the piece ends. It is the tempo of jazz that makes it soothing and appealing to the ear and this is a major characteristic of jazz. If you happen to ask anyone as to why he/she loves jazz, the most likely answer you are to get is that the piece is s oothing due to the nature of its tempo.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What jazz is and what jazz is not specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Jazz music is different from those other music genre. First and foremost, jazz encompasses a lot of flutes and trumpets melody for that matter. Jazz is not guided by a vocalist and composer neither is jazz held to a standard of performance. Jazz comes with a lot of instrumentation making it much more difficult to play jazz music. Therefore, jazz music cannot just be played by any person but with those that have the real passion for music. Henry martin (14-16) It varies significantly from classical music in which there is no originality from the instrumentalist, rather a mere execution of the composer’s ideas. Scott Yanow (32). They are held to a performance that is standardized and that which has already been established by people who have already performed in past eve nts. It is for this reason that jazz performers will always differ from any other performers. They are always encouraged to discover their ’sound’. They adhere to those basic elements of intonation, improvisation, tempo, rhythm etc. Jazz players will try as much as possible not to sound like anyone else. Therefore, it is true to say that jazz is more of the player’s art whereas classical music is more of the composer’s art. A careful look at the entire jazz concert would reveal that jazz concerts definitely lack conductors. This is because the tempo in jazz music is steady and constant from the start of performance to the end hence no need for conductors. Jazz music also differs from other music genre since it draws from the human emotions and feelings as inspiration of the creative force, and as a result of this discourse is chronicled tales of the people. Jazz players and those who follow the genre can be viewed as a community of art comprising of its l eaders, spokesperson the members and fans. Christopher Meeder (11-13) Jazz has become one of the most popular genres since it’s unique and comes with its own form of dance. It’s an energetic dance full of fun and encompasses moves that are unique, quick turns, great footwork and big leaps. Also, there are dancing clothes that also make jazz different and unique. Jazz dance requires costumes that are tight and reveal the dancer’s body line. Baggy clothes are not encouraged. Most jazz dancers would go for dance pants. Clothes worn for the jazz dance include leotards, t-shirts and tank tops (form fitting). What makes jazz dance different from dances such as hip-hop where dancers stick to certain dance routine is that in jazz, dancers are encouraged to make each step unique and fun by adding their own personality. Steps in jazz include piques, ballet turns, chaines, and even pirouettes. There are also some leaps that are involved in jazz dancing and these include to ur jetes, grandee jetes and even turning jumps. The jazz dancers also do what is called the isolation which involves moving one body part while the other parts of the body are motionless. Christopher Meeder (18-19)Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Jazz is definitely not many things. For instance, jazz is not classical music. As mentioned above, a huge difference exists between jazz and the classical music. Even though they seem to be alike, jazz music involves the players creativity and ability to form his/her own composition when in terms of music melodies and tones or performers ability to come up with moves that are unique and artistic in nature when in terms of the dance. Jazz is not opera as some people may think. Actually there is a very huge difference between jazz and the opera. Even though both genres date back to the old days, opera hardly uses dances or instruments. The melody in opera varies with various cadencies and tonal variations whereas in jazz the melody is steady. Jazz is also not an intellectual complexity. Most people who criticized jazz only claimed to any thoughtfulness about the music were that they knew it was unique or else they had visited a Negro slum to hear their desired instrumentalist defame w estern musical custom. Most jazz critics are not merely white middle-class Americans, but middle-brows also. Other types of music and jazz aesthetic, to be fully understood, must be seen in as almost its absolute human context as possible. It is Negro music that has been consistently ignored or misunderstood; and it is a question that cannot be adequately answered without first understanding the necessity of asking it. Scott Yanow (25-26). Jazz music has got radical development and has much influence. Modern jazz artists are probing for ways to make the music style practically watertight. The flaws which are being shunned are often referred to as the soul of jazz. Jazz can be well thought-out to be one of the most prominent types of music in America and lately spreading all over the world. Some of the well known artists in the world who have contributed to the sensation of jazz have had their history throughout the world. Jazz music has currently served as a base for many music styl es across the continents. In its early development stages, jazz was mainly considered as a set style that had a lot of differences from the rest of the styles that were there. Today, jazz is still recognized for its uniqueness and at many times, a disjunctive synchronization style, it is not one of the typical forms of music any longer. At its developing early stage, jazz style was based in one precise locality, and because of the recognition, it has been able to move many parts of the world. Jazz only had few performances in the early stages and its audience was also not large. This has greatly changed and with the current growth rate, it is likely that in the next five years, jazz music will experience greater audience than ever before. Also, today many other countries have their own styles of jazz that have carried over through the ages and continue to grow as jazz carries on through many more times to come. Jazz music has gone through many radical changes so far and it is still hard to predict its future. The fact that it is not restricted to any certain style of music and it is dynamic to changes in creativity available in the music industry makes it much more unpredictable. In the past, Jazz has changed from ragtime, swing, coal, hard bop, and to fusion jazz. Other music genres are also radical to changes and will in one way or another influence jazz. In my view Jazz is likely to change in the next five years consistently to audience wants and also for it being modern. For the formulation of an understanding about Jazz, I think it is critical to set up standards of judgment and aesthetic excellence that depends on native knowledge and local culture references that produce jazz. Jazz is more than just music, it involves expression of emotions. I also think that with the radical responsiveness to change jazz has received so far, it is not limited and more changes should be expected accommodating audience from all walks of life. Scott Yanow (9-10). Work Cit ed Martin Henry. Jazz: First 100 Years. Chicago: Cengage Learning, 2011. Meeder Christopher. Jazz: The Basics. New York: Routledge, 2008. Yanow Scott. Jazz: Regional Exploration. Chicago: Greenwood Publisher Group, 2005. This essay on What jazz is and what jazz is not was written and submitted by user Sub-Mariner to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Its over Essay Example

Its over Essay Example Its over Essay Its over Essay It feels like Im melting into the floor as I allow myself to stop running and very hastily drop my enormous duffel bag down. This is the first time I really get a good concentrated look around the room. It is almost blindingly bright from the glow of the florescent light and everything in the room is a bleached out color. The middle of the room is completely empty. The two side walls are filled with rows of bunk beds and tall off white wall lockers. The drill sergeants start to bark orders at us once again. Dump out your duffel bags on the floor and put everything in order, Now! We all methodically and very precisely begin to set out all of our personal belongings. Going through our bags takes us well into the night. Now that everything is shoved back into our bags, we stand back up in the rows we were first in. There is no movement or sound from any of us except the faint hum of everyones stilled breathing. What could possibly be next? As the drill sergeants pace back and forth, they order all of the male soldiers to form a single rank and arch outside to another building. All of the females are left waiting patiently for orders. To our surprise we are finally going to get assigned our bunks, wall lockers but most importantly our battle buddies. The bunk beds are Just 4 metal bars holding up sad looking foam mattresses. The blankets are the green rough itchy kind that everyone hates. The pillows are barely held together in a tan pillow case , although I dont know if they started off that color. But because I was so worn out and tired It coked like the most comfortable place I would ever lay my head. How have I made it through today? As Im laying on the bottom bunk with my new battle buddy directly over me , I cant help but wonder what the days ahead will hold. So many different thoughts are running through my mind. Am I strong enough mentally or physically to succeed . I am so scared but at the same time curious for the next day to begin. This is a once in a lifetime opportunity and I am going to make the best of it. Are you awake? The voice from the top bunk quietly sakes. Hesitantly I reply Yea, Im here. There was a long silence, almost long enough for me to think I had made up the short conversation. I was staring at the springs and bars above my head trying to force sleep . Then I hear the same soft voice saying the thing I needed most. This may feel like hell, but now we have each other. All the thoughts and worries that were running through my head disappear. I know I can make it through this suspiring place Its over By cosmos_09

The Diet of the First Colonists in the Americas

The Diet of the First Colonists in the Americas The Kelp Highway Hypothesis is a theory concerning the original colonization of the American continents. Part of the Pacific Coast Migration Model, the Kelp Highway proposes that the first Americans reached the New World by following the coastline along Beringia and into the American continents, using edible seaweeds as a food resource. Revising Clovis First For the better part of a century, the main theory of human population of the Americas was that Clovis big game hunters came into North America at the end of the Pleistocene along an ice-free corridor between ice sheets in Canada, about 10,000 years ago. Evidence of all kinds has shown that theory to be full of holes. The ice free-corridor wasnt open.The oldest Clovis sites are in Texas, not Canada.The Clovis people were not the first people into the Americas.The oldest pre-Clovis sites are found around the perimeter of North and South America, all dating between 10,000 and 15,000 years ago. Sea level rises have inundated the coastlines that the colonizers would have known, but there is strong evidentiary support for the migration of people in boats around the Pacific rim. Even though their landing sites are likely submerged in 50–120 meters (165–650 feet) of water, based on the radiocarbon dates of what would have been inland sites, such as Paisley Caves, Oregon and Monte Verde in Chile; the genetics of their ancestors, and perhaps the presence of a shared technology of stemmed points in use around the Pacific Rim between 15,000–10,000, all support the PCM. Diet of the Kelp Highway What the Kelp Highway Hypothesis brings to the Pacific Coast Migration model is a focus on the diet of the purported adventurers who used the Pacific coast to settle North and South America. That diet focus was first suggested by American archaeologist Jon Erlandson and colleagues beginning in 2007. Erlandson and colleagues proposed that the American colonizers were people who used using tanged or stemmed projectile points to rely on an abundance of marine species such as marine mammals (seals, sea otters, and walruses, cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises), seabirds and waterfowl, shellfish, fish, and edible seaweeds. Supporting technology required to hunt, butcher and process marine mammals, for example, must have included seaworthy boats, harpoons, and floats. Those different food resources are found continuously along the Pacific Rim: so as long as the earliest Asians to start out on the journey around the rim had the technology, they and their descendants could use it from Japan to Chile. Ancient Art of Sea Faring Although boat-building was long considered a fairly recent capability- the oldest excavated boats are from Mesopotamia- scholars have been forced to recalibrate that. Australia, separated from the Asian mainland, was colonized by humans at least 50,000 years ago. The islands in western Melanesia have settled by about 40,000 years ago, and Ryukyu islands between Japan and Taiwan by 35,000 years ago. Obsidian from Upper Paleolithic sites in Japan has been sourced to Kozushima Island- three and a half hours from Tokyo by jet boat today- which means that the Upper Paleolithic hunters in Japan went to the island to obtain the obsidian, in navigable boats, not just rafts. Peopling the Americas The data on archaeological sites scattered around the perimeters of the American continents include ca. 15,000-year-old sites in places as widespread as Oregon, Chile, the Amazon rainforest, and Virginia. Those similarly aged hunter-gatherer sites dont make much sense without a coastal migration model. The proponents suggest that beginning somewhere between 18,000 years ago, hunter-gatherers from Asia used the Pacific rim to travel, reaching North America by 16,000 years ago, and moving along the coast, reaching Monte Verde in southern Chile within 1,000 years. Once people reached the Isthmus of Panama, they took different paths, some northward up the Atlantic coast of North America and some southward along the Atlantic South American coastline in addition to the pathway along Pacific Southern American coast that led to Monte Verde. The proponents also suggest that Clovis large-mammal hunting technology developed as a land-based subsistence method near the Isthmus before 13,000 years ago, and spread back upward into southern-central and southeastern North America. Those Clovis hunters, descendants of Pre-Clovis, in turn, spread northward overland into North America, eventually meeting the descendants of the Pre-Clovis in the northwestern United States who used Western Stemmed points. Then and only then did Clovis colonize the finally truly Ice-Free Corridor to mingle together in eastern Beringia. Resisting a Dogmatic Stance In a 2013 book chapter, Erlandson himself points out that the Pacific Coast Model was proposed in 1977, and it took decades before the possibility of the Pacific Coast migration model was seriously considered. That was because, says Erlandson, the theory that Clovis people were the first colonists of the Americas was dogmatically and emphatically considered received wisdom. He cautions that the lack of coastal sites makes much of the theory speculative. If hes right, those sites are submerged between 50 and 120 m below mean sea level today, and as a result of Global Warming sea levels are rising, so without new undreamt-of technology, it is unlikely that we will ever be able to reach them. Further, he adds that scientists should not simply replace received-wisdom Clovis with received-wisdom pre-Clovis. Too much time was lost in battles for theoretical supremacy. But the Kelp Highway Hypothesis and the Pacific Coast Migration Model are a rich source of investigation for determining how people move into new territories. Sources Erlandson, Jon M. After Clovis-First Collapsed: Reimagining the Peopling of the Americas. Paleoamerican Odyssey. Eds. Graf, Kelly E., C.V. Ketron, and Michael R. Waters. College Station: Center for the Study of the First Americans, Texas AM, 2013. 127–32. Print.Erlandson, Jon M., and Todd J. Braje. From Asia to the Americas by Boat? Paleogeography, Paleoecology, and Stemmed Points of the Northwest Pacific. Quaternary International 239.1 (2011): 28–37. Print.Erlandson, Jon M., et al. Ecology of the Kelp Highway: Did Marine Resources Facilitate Human Dispersal from Northeast Asia to the Americas? The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 10.3 (2015): 392–411. Print.Erlandson, Jon M., et al. The Kelp Highway Hypothesis: Marine Ecology, the Coastal Migration Theory, and the Peopling of the Americas. The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 2.2 (2007): 161–74. Print.Graham, Michael H., Paul K. Dayton, and Jon M. Erlandson. Ice Ages and Ecological Trans itions on Temperate Coasts. Trends in Ecology Evolution 18.1 (2003): 33–40. Print. Schmitt, Catherine. Maines Kelp Highway. Maine Boats, Homes Harbors Winter 2013.122 (2013). Print.

Reflection Paper #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection Paper #2 - Essay Example Moreover, I believe that loyalty as a value means a lot to me. A part from making me have a peace of mind, it can improve my interpersonal relations especially with my seniors and colleagues. Lastly, helpfulness is also a value which I should always uphold. It is necessary for my success as an ethical leader as it puts me in the right path of being concerned about and responsible for others. Each of these values is very important for me. Therefore, I can integrate them into my leadership style through commitment, sacrifice and continued practice. This will make me to become a model leader whose ethical leadership style should be emulated. At the same time, these values should always be applied when confronted with any situation which requires an informed and rational decision-making. As an individual, I am aware of my strengths and weaknesses. In this regard, it is my pleasure to point out that hard work, sincerity, determination, discipline and team work top the list of my greatest strengths. It is these qualities which have made me to be whom I am. I came to know about them after conducting a self-assessment. This was based on my previous performances in comparison to my colleagues and the social expectations. However, having known my strengths, I would have to make a good use of them as I plan to prepare myself to be the most desirable ethical leader in the society. Indeed, their effective application would enamel me to achieve this

Causes Attributed to the Occurrence of Torus Palatinus Essay

Causes Attributed to the Occurrence of Torus Palatinus - Essay Example This type occurs the most frequent with the longer axis in a sagittal direction (Vidic 1511). The nodular torus arises as multiple protuberances, each with an individual base. These protruberances may coalesxe, forming grooves between them. The lobular torus is also a lobulated mass, but it rises from single base. Lobular tori can either be sessile or pedunculated (Neville 21). These exocytoses are usually composed of mature dense cancellous bone with a rim of cortical bone of variable thickness. Occasional minimal osteoblastic activity or even hemopoietic marrow can be seen (Belsky 2061). Most palatal tori are small, measuring less that 2cm in diameter; however, they can slowly increase in size throughout life, sometimes to the extent that they fill the entire palatal vault (Neville 22). Torus palatinus is usually assymptomatic, growing into the the second and third decades of life and often goes unnoticed until middle age (Sisman 269). Like other tori, torus palatinus is benign and is not considered as a disease or pathology. It is not usually indicated for surgical removal unless the torus is interfering with the use of dentures or with the patient's mouth functions. Recurrent mucosal lacerations covering a large torus can also be an indication for surgery. The prevalence of palatal tori has varied widely in a number of... One of the theories published in many journals is that torus palatinus is acquired genetically. In a study done by Gould in 1964 as to the inheritance of torus palatinus & torus mandibularis, he found out that in eight family pedigrees comprising in a total of 125 individuals, the locus for torus palatinus is on an autosome, because of its inheritance regardless of sex. The gene for torus palatinus acts as a simple dominant gene (163). The same conclusion was given by Barbujani, et.al in their segregation analysis study of 99 sibships in 2 samples from Venezuela and Japan with the gene showing variable expressivity and penetrance close to 85% among the populations considered (317). Another study done by Gorsky, Bukai & Shohat on the genetic influence on the prevalence of torus palatinus also yield an autosomal dominant transmission in the vertical transmission of torus palatinus in 19 families. They also saw a significantly higher number of affected offspring (60.3%) observed compare d to the expected figure (50%) for an autosomal dominant trait with full penetrance. Another theory that is also widely accepted is tous palatinus (Last Name) 3 due to environmental factors. This was the conclusion reached by n a study done by Halffman , Scott & Pedersen. They assessed the temporal and spatial variation of torus palatinus on all available Greenlandic Norse skeletons, as well as on samples of medieval Icelanders and Norwegians. They observed that medieval Greenlanders from the Eastern and Western settlements exhibited higher frequencies and more pronounced expressions of palatine torus compared with early 11th century Greenlanders and they

Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald Essay Example for Free

Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald Essay Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald is one of the best American novels owing to its thematic strength. There are many social themes in the story including Dream, vision, honesty, time, wealth, superficiality and shallowness, societal expectation, disloyalty, immorality and selfishness. The surface study shows that its about love relation between Gatsby and Daisy. But the story has much broader theme rather than big romantic scope. The most dominating theme of the story is that of American Dream or rather Perverted American Dream†. It is very symbolic story of Roaring Age of 1920s America, particularly the story of shattering of American Dream in that era of economic prosperity and material abundance. The Great Gatsby is the biggest example of skilled narrative art as it is based on the principle of double vision. Everything in the novel is seen in two ways: on the one hand it looks a romantic  love story of Gatsby and Daisy, and on the other hand it is about   perverted form of American   Dream. Scott Fitzgerald  is successful in writing a fiction which carries two parallel stories at the same time. The writer himself once stated,† The test of   a first rate intelligence is the ability to hold two opposed ideas in mind at the same time , and still retain the ability to function. The story offers the reader to form quality of double vision to see everything in two ways.The surface study of the novel shows that its about love relation between Daisy and Gatsby, but if we probe into the theme, its about corruption of American dream and a failure to achieve ideals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The writer attempted to make readers see through his eyes. The reader is made to believe in the possibilities of variety of opposed ideas. Thats why it is also called â€Å"an allegorical novel†. The reader forms different opinion about the novel when he starts reading, but he finds everything quite different when he reaches the end. The story shows that anyone in America can and can not achieve success to the best despite his level best efforts and hard work. The reader is trapped in enigma by thinking whether Gatsby would get Daisy or not. This is proved when Daisy rejects Gatsby and later accepts him and the reader is able to believe in both alternates.   Gatsby himself is the most real and the most unreal elite described in the story. The writer presents this principle of double vision more artistically by introducing character of Nick who tells us what he sees and gathers information about what he does not see himself. Everything in this novel is seen in two ways: on the one hand as glamorous , romantic   and exciting ,and on the other hand as crude, corrupt and even disgusting. This double vision applies to people, places and incidents of the novel. Gatsby, the protagonist of the story, struggles hard to achieve the desired American dream, but is also obsessed with  love of Daisy, his beloved. The most relevant scene to this double vision is the reunion between Gatsby and Daisy after long period of five years. Gatsby spends most of his time in earning wealth so that he would impress Daisy and get her love. Daisy, on the other hand, is highly indifferent to Gatsby and her marriage with Tom shows it clearly. Even their reunion has different effects on both of them. It seems as if Gatsby were having only one thing in mind: achieving American dream. But later we assess that he is only obsessed with Daisys love. The characters mind changes every minute and this change also affect the reader and help them expect any possibility. Some critic writes about Great Gatsby: Fitzgerald called The Great Gatsby a novel of selected incident, modeled after Flauberts Madame Bovary.†What I cut out of it both physically and emotionally would make another novel, he said. Fitzgeralds stylistic method is to let a part stand for the whole. In Chapters I to III, for example, he lets three parties stand for the whole summer and for the contrasting values of three different worlds. He also lets small snatches of dialog represent what is happening at each party. The technique is cinematic. The camera zooms in, gives us a snatch of conversation, and then cuts to another group of people. Nick serves almost as a recording device, jotting down what he hears. Fitzgeralds ear for dialog, especially for the colloquial phrases of the period, is excellent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The reunion scene is the peak of dramatic point of the novel. The readers have been prepared to reach this point. The image of Daisys willingness is followed by an image of Gatsby seeing the greenish bay across from Daisy dock. colorful parties are followed by isolation in private life. The reader can’t realize at once what the characters already know. The reader reaching this scene takes interest to see whether Gatsby and Daisy renew their lost love. The reader is also interested in the response of Nick on whose intellectual prowess they depend on a lot. The clock scene also offers confrontation of ideas for the readers. The clock is the symbol of past which Gatsby ever yearns to  repeat so that he could again get love of Daisy. The breaking of clock indicates how awkward past moment looks when brought into the present. The facts that the clock does not work indicates flawed dream of Gatsby to win over Daisy. It is true that Gatsby can’t repeat his past and he cant get best out of American dream and is rather disillusioned. The novel shows abstract philosophy that an idealist  reluctant to compromise can and cant survive in this material oriented world. The principle of double vision is made more effective by using Nick as a narrator. The surface level study of the novel shows Gatsby’s thorough indulgence in love of Daisy. Nick is an ideal narrator in the story and is mouth piece of Fitzgerald. His physical proximity to the main characters proves that he is ideal narrator as he knows details of the story from many angels and observes everything quite clearly. It was rather impossible to keep two parallel stories in a single novel which had irreconcilable contradictions. The story of love has nothing to do with American Dream but the writer artistically puts them on right place. From the very beginning we find Gatsby prepared to get what Best America has to offer and he has staunch belief in the face that he will win over Daisys love, the  most loving woman he has ever seen. He can only win her if he measure up to the standards of old wealthy class. Nick holds the view that Gatsbys dream was futile from the very start as he wont be accepted by prejudiced old wealthy class and Daisy belonging to latter can never leave it resulting disillusionment for Gatsby. Here novel shows the fact that American dream of equality for all was a false promise. The story can be interpreted as juxtaposition of two opposed ideas. The ideals are shattered when they are confronted with reality. The ideals of American dream are shattered when  Gatsby gets love of Daisy, when he kisses her, and when he holds her in his arms. The ideal world, in Gatsbys case, shatters in the face of the real one. The intricate weaving of the various stories within The Great Gatsby is accomplished through a complex symbolic substructure of the narrative. The green light, godly eye of Eckleburg,brood on over the solemn dumping ground which shows America as wasteland due to materialistic society and many other symbols make it easier for the writer to intricate stories containing opposing ideas. He also uses metaphors through which he hints at the standards of morality and immorality through out the novel. Daisy cant change her luxurious living style and cant accept the new wealthy class. Jordan Baker boasts of her careless driving. The proper utilization of dual symbolism and ambivalent expressions is truly profound and subtle art that Fitzgerald has mastered in this novel. There is no denying the fact that this beautiful novel offers the readers to form in them the habit to see things from more than one angle. The writer holds the opinion that seeing thing from one way may be faulty and it can be entirely different in reality. Thus it will be right to say that everything in the novel has got double meaning and the writer is successful in using principle of double vision in it.

Evolution of the Haunted House in Early and Modern Gothic Novels Essay

Evolution of a Haunted House: The use of setting in early and modern gothic novels The setting for a novel plays a big part in how the story and its characters relate to the reader. This paper will examine how setting in gothic literature, plays an important role in the telling of a story by using Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto and Shirley Jackson’s The House on Haunted Hill as examples. During the eighteenth century, the Romantic period of literature emerged. The works of this time were often filled with imagination, strong emotional contexts, and freedom from the classical notions of art and social conventions (wordiq.com). The Castle of Otranto, while considered by many to be a Romantic drama, had a style that was distinctively different (Mulvey-Roberts, 226). Elements, not previously seen in works of literature were added to the story, much in the way embellishments were added to buildings of the time. Horace Walpole, used elements of the macabre, mysterious, and violent incidents; along with desolate and remote settings to create the first true English-language gothic novel (Merriam-Webster.com). The ruins of castles and other ancient settlements, set amongst the gloominess of the surrounding landscape provided the perfect backdrop for the early English gothic novel (Goldstein, Grider, Thomas 145-146). It was at once mysterious, foreboding, and could create a sense of fear and dread in the reader. Horace Walpole took advantage of setting in The Castle of Otranto. The castle evokes feelings of darkness, solitude, loneliness, and claustrophobia (Mulvey-Roberts, 174). There are secret passages, trap doors, secret rooms, and areas of ruin. The aim is to produce the classic emotion of fear of the unknown. Add in a... ..., a moaning sound is heard prior (Walpole, 34). In The Haunting of Hill House, it is the female protagonist who hears a hammering against the upper edge of a bedroom door that sounded like â€Å"something children do†. She also hears "little mad rising laugh" outside the door (Jackson, 95,97). For more than two centuries, the setting of the haunted castle or house has played with our emotions and psyches. They create tension and fear, while we wait for the ghost or bogeyman to jump out. Author H.P. Lovecraft, known for creating these emotions with his own works, states â€Å"the oldest and strongest emotion of mankind is fear, and the oldest and strongest kind of fear is fear of the unknown† (Lovecraft, 12). This fear of the unknown continues to make gothic novels as popular today, as when Horace Walpole took a romantic drama, added a few shiny bits, and called it gothic.